A brief review of the second day of the hearing of the case of Ales Bialiatski
On November 3, 2011 in Minsk the trial of
Ales Bialiatski, the head of the human rights center Viasna and vice-president
of the International Federation of Human Rights continued. The International
observation mission of the Committee on international control over the
situation with Human Rights in Belarus
followed the progress of the trial. A survey of the first day can be found here. Today's hearing was largely devoted to the
examination of witnesses.
Those wishing to get into court wearing T-shirts with portraits of Bialiatski
were again prevented from doing so by people without official identification or
markings. Thus, the chairman of the Belarusian Helsinki Committee, Aleh Hulak managed to get into the hall
only after his third attempt (after he took a T-shirt). After a break at the
courthouse police detained an activist of Malodoi Front, Mikalai Dzemidzenka, possibly due to the fact that his clothes
displayed the Pahonia coat of arms (the official emblem of independent Belarus
in 1991-1995.). In addition, at the entrance to the hall a detailed inspection
of all bag contents was carried out.
An introduction of
new materials related to the affair
At the request of the counsel the judge agreed to attach to the material review
of the human rights center Viasna, information on foreign organizations that
are mentioned in the banking printouts and in the books "Build Bridges,
Not Walls" (2010, Vilnius) and "Guidelines for the Organization of
Schools on Human Rights"(Oslo, 2008, Minsk 2009), produced by the
Norwegian Helsinki Committee and the Human Rights Center Viasna , as well as a
book in Swedish, one sponsored by Ales. As reported yesterday the money
Bialiatski received helped published these books.
The questioning of
witnesses
The examination of witnesses began with the prosecution. The first to give testimony
was Leanid Chauko, deputy of the Department of the
Humanitarian Affairs Office of the President. According to the political
analyst Yuri Chavusau, in answering the prosecutors question about the
possibility of receiving foreign donations to carry out human rights
activities, Chauko made clear that such projects cannot in principle be
registered with the department and therefore, legally funding advocacy in this
way is impossible. His rational for this position stemmed from the official
rules of presidential decree number 24, "Production and Use of Foreign
Gratuitous Aid," prohibiting the use of foreign funding for "the
preparation and conduct of elections, referenda, organizing and conducting
meetings, rallies, marches, demonstrations, picketing, strikes, manufacture and
distribution of campaign materials, as well as for seminars and other forms of
political and mass agitation work among the population." The witness
also noted that the Belarusian foreign aid used abroad is not subject to the
regulation of national regulations and is not subject to review by the
department.
The next witness to be
questioned was a representative of the tax inspectors of the Pershamaiski
District Court of Minsk, Anzhalika Sobaleva, and head of the
inspection of the SWIFT system for international payments to the National Bank
of Belarus
Natallia Pashkouskaya, and deputy chief of tax inspection,
head of control over private businesses and individuals, Tamara Shamko.
The testimony of the representatives of the tax authority noted that all
amounts received abroad are considered income unless the citizen provides
relevant information to the contrary. In general, an audit may be revised on
the basis of receiving evidence that the amount in an individuals account is
not his personal income. At the same time Mrs. Sobaleva, who participated in
the preparation of tax documents on the Bialiatski bank printouts from Polish
and Lithuanian banks, admitted that she cannot tell the difference between
funds for the center Viasna, or for him. However, she stressed that all funds
received on his account are considered profit.
The representative of the National Bank expressed doubts about the authenticity of bank documents submitted in connection with the lack of the bank's stamp and was unable to determine whether money from Bialiatski's account was transferred to other accounts.
After this, human rights defenders factoring in the material case were called to the stand. These include Natallia Pinchuk (the wife of Ales Bialiatski), Tatsiana Reviaka (President of Belarusian Human Rights House), Barys Zvoskau from Minsk, Andrei Paluda of the city Bialynichi, Viktar Sazonau from Hodna, Aliaksei Kolchyn from Mahiliou, and Alena Laptsionak. Key questions posed to them concerned the degree of familiarity with the accused and money obtained from him and trips abroad. Most of them admitted that they had received money from Bialiatski for advocacy, however, referring to article 27 of the Сonstitution (The Right Against Self-incrimination), they refused to give more detailed explanations. Human rights activist Boris Zvoskov testified that he has long been acquainted with Bialiatski and never received money from him. The prosecutor said there was a case file of documents to the contrary. However, during the consideration of the same file there were serious differences and discrepancies unveiled by the same prosecutor.
After the examination of
the witnesses was complete, the court went on to study the written evidence.
The prosecutor read out the documents of the tax authorities' investigation,
Bialiatski's declaration and bank printouts. It is possible that this process
will be delayed until the middle of next week in connection with the request of
the court to receive additional tax and customs documents.
At 18.00 a
break was declared until 10.00 November 4, 2011.
The Position of the
International Observation Mission
In assessing the facts, the International observation mission of the Committee
on international control over the situation with Human Rights in Belarus,
concludes:
1. Detaining people or preventing them from passing into the courtroom only on
the basis of appearance or dress may be regarded as an unjustified restriction
of access to court. If the court considers the behavior of someone in the
audience disruptive or in contempt of court, it has sufficient procedural
possibilities to influence the situation under law. Additional restrictions are
excessive and violate the principle of accessibility and openness of court
proceedings.
2. There is serious doubt that a number of documents submitted by the
prosecution as evidence may be admissible evidence of guilt to be used in the
trial. This is especially true given the recent announcement by the
Ministry of Justice of the Republic
of Lithuania regarding
the annulment of information on Bialiatski transferred to them by the
Belarusian authorities and not for use as legal evidence in court.
3. Testifying officials, in particular, the representative of the Department of
Humanitarian Affairs, supports the Belarusian authorities in criminalizing
human rights activities in the country and pushing them beyond the legal field,
which is a clear violation of international commitments of Belarus in the
OSCE and the UN.